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Unlike other flaviviruses, ZIKV which is the only virus known to be teratogenic can cause fetal infection through vertical transmission, leading to congenital ZIKV syndrome ( Ngono and Shresta, 2018 Weaver et al., 2018). It was not until 2007 that ZIKV caused an outbreak in the Pacific Ocean and began to spread throughout the Latin Americas in 2015, did we realize its harm to public health and regard it as an international public health emergency (PHEIC) ( Musso et al., 2019). ZIKV, an ancient virus, was originally discovered in the blood of a rhesus macaque in Uganda in 1947 and was subsequently isolated from Aedes mosquitoes ( Ming et al., 2016). Due to the lack of specific therapeutic drugs, the development of a vaccine against DENV is imminent. Although a high probability of manifesting itself as a self-limiting illness in the first infection, the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect increases the morbidity and mortality in the second infection with different serological viruses ( Frei et al., 2018). DENV can cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic and mild fever to fatal DENV shock syndrome ( Diamond and Pierson, 2015). Although Dengue is not a newly emerging disease, its clinical manifestations are constantly changing in recent years ( Calderon-Pelaez et al., 2019). With the process of urbanization, human migration, climate change, and damage to vegetation, the cases of DENV have increased by 30-fold ( Chretien et al., 2015). It has four different antigenic serotypes (DENV1–4), which can cause dengue fever after the bite of an infected mosquito, with a global estimate of around 3.6 billion people and 40% of the world at risk for infection each year ( Bhatt et al., 2013). Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) which are critically important pathogens belong to the Flavivirus genus.ĭENV, the most prevalent arbovirus in the world, is widely popular in tropical and subtropical countries ( Uno and Ross, 2018). The Flaviviridae family includes three viral genera, namely Flavivirus, Pestivirus, and Hepatitis C virus, with a total of more than 70 viruses.

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